W10 Enrichment: An Evolving Understanding ... of Evolution

            Based on their fitness, the merging of two genes (alleles) produces an organism with physical traits and behaviors associated with the two alleles. Of the two alleles, one is dominant (expressed) and will reign supreme over the other that is recessive (masked). The project experiment with the three types of fish illustrates how dominant genes always express the dominant trait while the recessive genes mask their trait. Although the white fish (rr genotype) and redfish (RR genotype) fitness are strong (white and red color respectively), the population’s proportion in terms of colors was always marginalized by their DNA production at some point speckled fish (Rr genotype). But at a certain period before their extinct, each genotype dominated or remained the only existing until reproducing back the other genotypes. When the brood size was reduced, the birth rate of the species decreased which in return caused the population to decrease and this could have occurred because of many environmental and resource factors such as food. The other impact of brood size could be seen in the increase in the body mass of offspring thus decreasing the death rate.

The microevolution that happened over several years due to climate change forced the fish in upper-lake to become a separated species from the fish in the lower-lake since they cannot interbreed anymore. Initially, the mating ritual through dancing required the male to display intense white spots and the female to gain weight and grow wider; this way, the female will breed with the male of her choice from the dancing. This microevolution brought the speciation process to develop its own characteristics. On lower-lake male fish for example became smaller, darker, and developed a fighting ritual to win over females before mating; while their females developed a large stomach. And on the upper-lake, the male and female fishes grew larger and mate as usual. The change in their physical appearance did not occur on a large scale as some other macroevolution such as the origin of the mammals hence these fishes were able to socialize together but the change in their behavior pushed them to reject each group.

Like several species that went through macroevolution, many have changed physically over millions of years such as the following:

·         Comparison 1: Cookie dough sea cucumber & Atlantic sturgeon are 196 million cousins.

·         Comparison 2: Western Skink & Saltwater crocodile are 55 million cousins.

·         Comparison 3: western honey bee & Jumping spider are 383 million cousins.

 

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